La storia dell’automobilismo è piena di astri splendenti, modelli che spiccano tra tutti gli altri per bellezza, prestazioni ed esclusività, ma se nel passato rappresentavano si lampi isolati, negli anni novanta tutto cambiò.
Nel 1987 la Ferrari presentò al pubblico la F40, sunto di tutta l’esperienza tecnica accumulata in quaranta anni di corse in tutte le categorie sui tutti i circuiti del mondo. Materiali compositi per la carrozzeria e il telaio, propulsore sovralimentato, nessuna concessione al comfort nell’abitacolo. Il focus del progetto era il pilota e le sue emozioni. Si voleva costruire qualcosa di più di un’auto sportiva, sarebbe stata una pietra miliare, nel senso più letterale del termine. Un’auto che poteva essere il limite fisico da superare, o almeno a cui avvicinarsi, per tutti gli altri costruttori che volevano provare a costruire un’altra supercar.
Il successo commerciale della F40 fu dirompente, tra i collezionisti si scatenò una corsa all’acquisto, un minuto dopo la consegna al cliente le auto valevano sul mercato circa sette volte i soldi spesi dal proprietario, gli appassionati multimilionari erano pronti a fare pazzie pur di entrare in possesso di un esemplare.
Il valore economico scese solo dopo che la dirigenza, soggetta come mai prima alle influenze torinesi, ampliò la produzione dai 500 esemplari previsti a 1000, che diventarono più di 1300 a causa di un accordo con l’importatore americano protraendo la produzione fino al 1992.
La F40 però non scoraggiò gli altri costruttori, anzi, scatenò una selvaggia caccia al record.
Nell’arco di cinque anni i costruttori di tutto il mondo misero un foglio bianco sul tavolo da disegno e iniziarono a creare.
La prima fu la “nemica” naturale della casa di Maranello: la Lamborghini il 12 gennaio 1990 durante una giornata di celebrazione del marchio presentò la Diablo.
La linea a cuneo frutto della magica matita di Marcello Gandini, era la bella copia della V16T. Quattro ruote motrici, 12 cilindri, 492 cv e una velocità dichiarata di 325 Km/h; un solo chilometro all’ora in più della F40, un caso? La Diablo però non era così esclusiva, fino al 2001, nelle varie versioni, furono circa 3000 gli esemplari prodotti.
Alla fine dello stesso anno il team manager della Jaguar Sport, Tom Walkinshaw, decise di festeggiare la vittoria nel Mondiale Sport Prototipi presentando la Jaguar XJR-15, che era una versione addomesticata della XJR-9 vincitrice della 24h di Le Mans nel 1988. Il suo 12 cilindri di quasi sei litri erogava 456 cv e come la F40 vantava telaio e carrozzeria realizzati in materiali compositi quali Kevlar e fibra di carbonio. La velocità era di “soli” 307 Km/h, ma sullo scatto da fermo la XJR-15 impiegava 3,9 secondi, 2 decimi in meno della F40.
Quest’auto però mise in imbarazzo la Jaguar, poiché la XJR-15 venne sviluppata principalmente dalla TWR, azienda inglese concorrente della casa del giaguaro, ma soprattutto perché era in dirittura d’arrivo la XJ220.
La XJ220, anche questa realizzata in collaborazione con Tom Walkinshaw adottava soluzioni all’avanguardia, soprattutto per la tradizione della casa inglese. Il motore fu il primo 6 cilindri sovralimentato montato su una Jaguar. La sovralimentazione era garantita da due turbocompressori Garrett T3. I cavalli erano molti, 542 e la velocità raggiunta era di circa 350 Km/h, che tradotto in miglia orarie svela l’origine del nome: 220 Mp/h.
Nel 1991 Romano Artioli decise di provare l’assalto al vertice delle supercar iniziando a produrre la EB110 ridando vita al marchio Bugatti. La EB110 era ancora più innovativa: quattro ruote motrici, 12 cilindri a V sovralimentato da 4 turbocompressori e telaio monoscocca in carbonio. La versione SS aveva 610 cv e raggiungeva i 351 Km/h. e la linea da superare si spostava sempre più in là.
Nel 1993 il capolavoro.
Gordon Murray il geniale progettista delle Brabham in Formula Uno negli anni ’70, disegnò per la McLaren la F1. L’auto aveva tre sedili, quello del pilota era al centro e gli altri due erano sui lati leggermente arretrati. Il motore era un V12 di 6 litri costruito dalla BMW in grado di sprigionare 647 cv, un’enormità per un motore aspirato dell’epoca. La F1 era anche molto leggera, 1139 kg, grazie ai materiali compositi e alle soluzioni adottate dall’ingegnere sudafricano. Le prestazioni erano sensazionali: per passare da 0 a 100 Km/h le occorrevano 3,2 secondi e durante alcune prove sulla pista di Nardò raggiunse la velocità massima di 386 Km/h, record per un’auto stradale rimasto imbattuto per 14 anni!
Nel 1995 la Ferrari provò a correre ai ripari. La F50 era una barchetta che poteva essere trasformata in coupé montando un tetto rigido. In molti la definirono una vettura da Formula Uno camuffata da stradale, e questo non era un complimento gratuito. Il motore era uguale al 12 cilindri che equipaggiava la Ferrari 641 guidata da Mansell e Berger nel campionato 1989, opportunamente modificato per renderlo adatto all’uso stradale. Come sull’auto da corsa il motore era parte della struttura portante e a questo erano collegati cambio e sospensioni. A sua volta il propulsore era fissato sulla vasca della monoscocca in carbonio proprio alle spalle del pilota. La carrozzeria era disegnata dalla galleria del vento. Grandi estrattori sul cofano centrale e un grande alettone sul cofano posteriore. Le prestazioni sulla carta non riuscirono a sopravanzare le rivali. L’accelerazione 0-100 era di 3,8 secondi e la velocità massima si fermava a 325 Km/h, ma erano l’handling e le sensazioni che provocava guidandola a renderla speciale.
Negli ultimi trent’anni le hypercar messe sul mercato sono state innumerevoli, ma queste pioniere hanno segnato la storia dell’automobilismo.
Su AMblog abbiamo già parlato di alcune di loro, ma seguiteci perché presto vi racconteremo le storie anche delle altre.
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